# Distinction
> Calm, syllabus-grounded revision for Singapore O-Level — notes, audio and worksheets for every subject on their timetable.
Public Ghost content for AI and LLM tooling. Use `/llms-full.txt` for consolidated page and post context.
Append `.md` to any post or page URL to get the content in Markdown (for example, `/example-post.md`).

## Pages
- [A-Maths — Welcome & what's covered](https://distinction.study/a-maths.md) - Additional Mathematics · Singapore O-Level (4049) Welcome — your A-Maths course Everything for O-Level Additional Mathematics (4049) — notes, audio and worksheets for every topic on the syllabus. You've got the full course: 10 topics, each with study notes, a listen-along audio episode, and a guide…
- [Why we built Distinction](https://distinction.study/about.md) - Distinction started at my own kitchen table. I have two children. I watched one work through his GCSEs and the IB, and my other is in the middle of O-Levels now. What struck me wasn't how hard the subjects were — it was how much harder we were all making them. The pressure these kids carry is real.…
- [Full access — all subjects](https://distinction.study/all-access.md) - Welcome — you have full access Every subject on Distinction, in one place — notes, audio and worksheets for each. Jump into any course: * Physics (6091) * Chemistry (6092) * Biology (6093) * Additional Mathematics (4049) * Mathematics (4052)
- [Biology — What's covered](https://distinction.study/biology-covered.md) - The full Singapore O-Level Biology (6093) syllabus, mapped to our lessons — every objective, and where each one is taught.
- [Biology — Welcome & what's covered](https://distinction.study/biology.md) - Biology · Singapore O-Level (6093) Welcome — your Biology course Everything for O-Level Biology (6093) — notes, audio and worksheets for every topic on the syllabus. How to use it * Read the notes — plain-English study notes with worked examples and clear diagrams. * Listen on the go — a two-voice…
- [Chemistry — Welcome & what's covered](https://distinction.study/chemistry.md) - Chemistry · Singapore O-Level (6092) Welcome — your Chemistry course Everything for O-Level Chemistry (6092) — notes, audio and worksheets for every topic on the syllabus. How to use it * Read the notes — plain-English study notes with worked examples and clear diagrams. * Listen on the go — a two-…
- [E-Maths — Welcome & what's covered](https://distinction.study/e-maths.md) - Mathematics · Singapore O-Level (4052) Welcome — your E-Maths course Everything for O-Level Mathematics (4052) — notes, audio and worksheets for every topic on the syllabus. You've got the full course: 18 topics, each with study notes, a listen-along audio episode, and a guided worksheet. How to us…
- [English Language — What's covered](https://distinction.study/english-covered.md) - Every part of the Singapore O-Level English Language (1184) exam — all four papers — taught as a method you can actually use under pressure, not a list of tips. Fourteen focused lessons, each with a named technique, worked model answers in our own words, and a studygram summary card. Paper 1 — Writ…
- [English Language](https://distinction.study/english.md) - English Language · Singapore O-Level (1184) Welcome — your English Language course Everything for O-Level English Language (1184) — notes, audio and worksheets for every topic on the syllabus. How to use it * Read the notes — plain-English study notes with worked examples and clear diagrams. * List…
- [You’re in — Exam Pass til November 🎉](https://distinction.study/exam-pass-thanks.md) - Your payment went through — you now have the Exam Pass: full access to all five subjects (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, E-Maths and A-Maths), every topic, until 30 November. One quick step to start 👇 1. Click Sign in (top-right of the site). 2. Enter the same email you paid with. 3. We'll email you…
- [The Library](https://distinction.study/library.md) - Every topic in the Distinction library.
- [Physics — Welcome & what's covered](https://distinction.study/physics.md) - Physics · Singapore O-Level (6091) Welcome — your Physics course Everything for O-Level Physics (6091) — notes, audio and worksheets for every topic on the syllabus. How to use it * Read the notes — plain-English study notes with worked examples and clear diagrams. * Listen on the go — a two-voice…
- [Sign in to practise](https://distinction.study/practice-signin.md) - One moment — sending you to practice…
- [Privacy Policy](https://distinction.study/privacy.md) - Last updated: 13 July 2026. This Privacy Policy explains how DISTINCTION.STUDY PTE. LTD. (UEN 202631567G) (“Distinction”, “we”, “us”) collects, uses, shares and protects your personal data when you use distinction.study (the “Service”). We follow Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (the “…
- [Terms of Service](https://distinction.study/terms.md) - Last updated: 13 July 2026. These Terms of Service (the “Terms”) are the agreement between you and us when you use Distinction — the website at distinction.study and the revision materials we provide through it (the “Service”). The Service is run by DISTINCTION.STUDY PTE. LTD. (UEN 202631567G), a c…
- [What's new](https://distinction.study/whats-new.md) - Every change to the Physics course, newest first. Spotted a mistake? Report it from any topic page and we'll fix it here. 3 July 2026 * AddedTurning Effects Of Forces audio episode, transcript, podcast script, PDF pack, study notes — new material now available * AddedThermal Properties Of Matter au…

## Posts
- [Variation — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/variation-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Transport in Plants: Water Transport and Translocation — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/transport-in-plants-water-transport-and-translocation-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Transpiration — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/transpiration-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [The Structure of DNA — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/the-structure-of-dna-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [The Passage of Genetic Information from Parent to Offspring — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/the-passage-of-genetic-information-from-parent-to-offspring-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [The Heart: Structure, Cardiac Cycle and Coronary Heart Disease — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/the-heart-cardiac-cycle-and-coronary-heart-disease-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Sexual Reproduction — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/sexual-reproduction-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Plant Structure — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/plant-structure-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Photosynthesis — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/photosynthesis-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Parts and Functions of the Circulatory System — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/parts-and-functions-of-the-circulatory-system-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Movement of Substances — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/movement-of-substances-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Monohybrid Crosses — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/monohybrid-crosses-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Infectious Diseases — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/infectious-diseases-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Human Reproductive System — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/human-reproductive-system-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Human Gas Exchange — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/human-gas-exchange-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Human Digestive System — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/human-digestive-system-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Hormonal Control — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/hormonal-control-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Food Chains and Food Webs — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/food-chains-and-food-webs-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Energy Flow — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/energy-flow-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Cellular Respiration — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/cellular-respiration-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Cell Structure and Organisation — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/cell-structure-and-organisation-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Carbon Cycle and Global Warming — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/carbon-cycle-and-global-warming-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Blood — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/blood-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Biological Molecules — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/biological-molecules-5087-5088-study-notes.md)
- [Experimental Design: Choosing the Right Kit — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/1-1-experimental-design-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Methods of Purification and Analysis — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/1-2-methods-of-purification-and-analysis-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Acids and Bases: A Complete Study Guide — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/acids-and-bases-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Analysis, Conclusions and Evaluation (ACE): Making Sense of Your Experiments — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/analysis-conclusions-and-evaluation-ace-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/alcohols-carboxylic-acids-and-esters-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Atomic Structure: What's Inside Every Atom? — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/atomic-structure-5086-study-notes.md) - 🎧 Listen to this topic Atomic Structure: What's Inside Every Atom? Combined Science (5086) · Atomic Structure — revision notes Everything around you is built from atoms. Atoms are made from up to three types of subatomic particle: protons, neutrons and electrons. Once you know those three particle…
- [Chemical Energetics: Energy Changes in Reactions — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/chemical-energetics-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Covalent Bonding: Sharing Is Caring (Electrons, That Is) — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/covalent-bonding-5086-study-notes.md)
- [D.C. Circuits: A Friendly Guide That Actually Makes Sense — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/d-c-circuits-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Current of Electricity — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/current-of-electricity-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Dynamics: Forces, Mass, Weight, and Newton's Laws — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/dynamics-5086-study-notes.md)
- [The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Waves You Can't Always See — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/electromagnetic-spectrum-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Electromagnetism: Magnetic Fields, Forces, and Motors — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/electromagnetism-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Energy: Stores, Transfers, Work, Power and Resources — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/energy-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Formulae and Equation Writing — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/formulae-and-equation-writing-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Fuels and Crude Oil: From Underground to Your Tank — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/fuels-and-crude-oil-5086-study-notes.md)
- [General Properties of Waves — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/general-properties-of-waves-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Group Properties: Alkali Metals, Halogens & Noble Gases — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/group-properties-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Hydrocarbons: Alkanes and Alkenes — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/hydrocarbons-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Ionic Bonding: How Atoms Become Ions and Stick Together — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/ionic-bonding-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Kinematics: Making Sense of Motion — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/kinematics-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Kinetic Particle Model of Matter — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/kinetic-particle-model-of-matter-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Kinetic Particle Theory: States of Matter & Diffusion — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/kinetic-particle-theory-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Light: Reflection, Refraction, and Lenses — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/light-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Magnetism: Fields, Forces, and Why Your Compass Almost Always Knows North — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/magnetism-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Maintaining Air Quality — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/maintaining-air-quality-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Manipulation, Measurement and Observation (MMO): Your Practical Chemistry Guide — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/manipulation-measurement-and-observation-mmo-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Measurement – Making Sense of the Physical World — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/measurement-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Metallic Bonding and Properties of Metals — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/metallic-bonding-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Oxidation and Reduction: A Complete Guide — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/oxidation-and-reduction-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Periodic Trends: Making Sense of the Periodic Table — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/periodic-trends-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Planning Experiments in Chemistry — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/planning-p-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Plastics and Recycling: Why Your Old Bottle Matters More Than You Think — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/plastics-and-recycling-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Polymers: From Tiny Monomers to Mighty Molecules — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/polymers-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Practical Electricity: Power, Energy, Safety & Wiring — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/practical-electricity-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Qualitative Analysis in Combined Science — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/qualitative-analysis-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Pressure, Density and Fluid Pressure — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/pressure-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Rate of Reactions – A Complete Study Guide — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/rate-of-reactions-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Radioactivity: Atoms, Decay, and Applications — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/radioactivity-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Extraction of Metals, Carbonates & Rusting: Why Some Metals Are Easy to Get and Others Are Not — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/reactivity-series-and-extraction-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Structure and Properties of Materials: Elements, Compounds, Mixtures, Alloys, and Bonding — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/structure-and-properties-of-materials-5086-study-notes.md)
- [The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/the-mole-concept-and-stoichiometry-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Turning Effects of Forces: Moments & Equilibrium — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/turning-effects-of-forces-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Thermal Processes: How Heat Gets Around — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/thermal-processes-5086-study-notes.md)
- [Summary Writing — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/summary-writing-study-notes.md) - 🎧 Listen to this topic Summary Writing Here's the honest reason summary feels horrible: you're handed a passage packed with interesting stuff, and then told to throw most of it away — in about 80 words, in your own words, without missing the bits that matter. It feels less like writing and more li…
- [Spoken Interaction — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/spoken-interaction-study-notes.md)
- [Spelling the Words the Exam Tests — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/spelling-study-notes.md)
- [Sentence Structure and Variety — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/sentence-structure-study-notes.md)
- [Situational Writing — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/situational-writing-study-notes.md)
- [Reading Comprehension — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/reading-comprehension-study-notes.md)
- [Planned Response — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/planned-response-study-notes.md)
- [Punctuation that Changes Meaning — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/punctuation-study-notes.md)
- [Vocabulary in Context and Language for Effect — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/language-for-effect-study-notes.md)
- [Listening Note-taking — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/note-taking-study-notes.md)
- [Listening Comprehension — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/listening-comprehension-study-notes.md)
- [Editing — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/editing-study-notes.md)
- [Grammar for Writing — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/grammar-for-writing-study-notes.md)
- [Continuous Writing — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/continuous-writing-study-notes.md)
- [Electrolysis (Part 2): Aqueous Solutions & Applications — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/electrolysis-part-2-study-notes.md)
- [Electrolysis (Part 1): Molten Compounds & the Fundamentals — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/electrolysis-part-1-study-notes.md)
- [Variation — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/variation-study-notes.md)
- [The Heart: Structure, Cardiac Cycle and Coronary Heart Disease — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/the-heart-cardiac-cycle-and-coronary-heart-disease-study-notes.md)
- [Transpiration — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/transpiration-study-notes.md)
- [Transport in Plants: Water Transport and Translocation — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/transport-in-plants-water-transport-and-translocation-study-notes.md)
- [The Structure of DNA — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/the-structure-of-dna-study-notes.md)
- [The Kidneys: Structure, Function and Dialysis — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/the-kidneys-structure-function-and-dialysis-study-notes.md)
- [Plant Structure — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/plant-structure-study-notes.md)
- [The Passage of Genetic Information from Parent to Offspring — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/the-passage-of-genetic-information-from-parent-to-offspring-study-notes.md)
- [Sexual Reproduction — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/sexual-reproduction-study-notes.md)
- [Parts and Functions of the Circulatory System — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/parts-and-functions-of-the-circulatory-system-study-notes.md)
- [Principles of Homeostasis — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/principles-of-homeostasis-study-notes.md)
- [Photosynthesis — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/photosynthesis-study-notes.md)
- [Plant Reproduction — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/plant-reproduction-study-notes.md)
- [Human Reproductive System — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/human-reproductive-system-study-notes.md)
- [Natural Selection and Evolution — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/natural-selection-and-evolution-study-notes.md)
- [Movement of Substances — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/movement-of-substances-study-notes.md)
- [Nervous Control — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/nervous-control-study-notes.md)
- [Monohybrid Crosses — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/monohybrid-crosses-study-notes.md)
- [Infectious Diseases — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/infectious-diseases-study-notes.md)
- [Meiosis — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/meiosis-study-notes.md)
- [Genetic Engineering — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/genetic-engineering-study-notes.md)
- [Human Impact on the Ecosystem and Conservation — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/human-impact-on-the-ecosystem-and-conservation-study-notes.md)
- [Human Gas Exchange — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/human-gas-exchange-study-notes.md)
- [Human Digestive System — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/human-digestive-system-study-notes.md)
- [Hormonal Control — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/hormonal-control-study-notes.md)
- [Cell Structure and Organisation — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/cell-structure-and-organisation-study-notes.md) - 🎧 Listen to this topic 🧬 What this lesson covers 4 Singapore O-Level Biology syllabus objectives: * ✓Recognise these cell structures and give the function of each — the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts, cell vacuoles and cell wall — whether shown in a diagram, in a light micrograph…
- [Cellular Respiration — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/cellular-respiration-study-notes.md)
- [Energy Flow — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/energy-flow-study-notes.md)
- [Blood — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/blood-study-notes.md)
- [Biological Molecules — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/biological-molecules-study-notes.md)
- [Food Chains and Food Webs — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/food-chains-and-food-webs-study-notes.md)
- [Asexual Reproduction and Mitosis — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/asexual-reproduction-and-mitosis-study-notes.md)
- [Carbon Cycle and Global Warming — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/carbon-cycle-and-global-warming-study-notes.md)
- [Mole Concept: Count, Convert, React — study notes](https://distinction.study/the-mole-concept-and-stoichiometry-study-notes.md)
- [Transition Metals: Colour & Catalysis — study notes](https://distinction.study/transition-elements-study-notes.md)
- [Diamond vs Graphite Bonding — study notes](https://distinction.study/structure-and-properties-of-materials-study-notes.md)
- [Reactivity Series Decides All — study notes](https://distinction.study/reactivity-series-and-extraction-study-notes.md)
- [Metal Reactivity League Table — study notes](https://distinction.study/reactivity-series-study-notes.md)
- [Identifying Ions & Gases — study notes](https://distinction.study/qualitative-analysis-study-notes.md)
- [Collisions, Catalysts, Curves — study notes](https://distinction.study/rate-of-reactions-study-notes.md)
- [Ethene to Poly(ethene) — study notes](https://distinction.study/polymers-study-notes.md)
- [Making Pure Salt Crystals — study notes](https://distinction.study/preparation-separation-and-purification-of-salts-study-notes.md)
- [Planning a Fair Test — study notes](https://distinction.study/planning-p-study-notes.md)
- [Recycling Plastics: Two Routes — study notes](https://distinction.study/plastics-and-recycling-study-notes.md)
- [Position Predicts Properties — study notes](https://distinction.study/periodic-trends-study-notes.md)
- [Sea of Delocalised Electrons — study notes](https://distinction.study/metallic-bonding-study-notes.md)
- [OIL RIG & Redox Agents — study notes](https://distinction.study/oxidation-and-reduction-study-notes.md)
- [Titration Technique & Precision — study notes](https://distinction.study/manipulation-measurement-and-observation-mmo-study-notes.md)
- [Maintaining Air Quality — study notes](https://distinction.study/maintaining-air-quality-study-notes.md)
- [The Haber Process — study notes](https://distinction.study/manufacture-of-ammonia-study-notes.md)
- [Kinetic Particle Theory — study notes](https://distinction.study/kinetic-particle-theory-study-notes.md)
- [Ionic Bonding: Transfer & Lattice — study notes](https://distinction.study/ionic-bonding-study-notes.md)
- [Alkanes vs Alkenes — study notes](https://distinction.study/hydrocarbons-study-notes.md)
- [Group Trends: 1, 17, 18 — study notes](https://distinction.study/group-properties-study-notes.md)
- [Crude Oil & Biofuels — study notes](https://distinction.study/fuels-and-crude-oil-study-notes.md)
- [Cross-Over & Balancing — study notes](https://distinction.study/formulae-and-equation-writing-study-notes.md)
- [Energy Profiles & Bonds — study notes](https://distinction.study/chemical-energetics-study-notes.md)
- [Sharing Electrons, Full Shells — study notes](https://distinction.study/covalent-bonding-study-notes.md)
- [Analysing Experimental Results — study notes](https://distinction.study/analysis-conclusions-and-evaluation-ace-study-notes.md)
- [What's Inside an Atom — study notes](https://distinction.study/atomic-structure-study-notes.md) - 🎧 Listen to this topic Atomic Structure: What's Inside Every Atom? Chemistry · Atomic Structure — revision notes Everything around you — your phone, the air you breathe, your own body — is built from atoms. And every single atom is built from just three types of particle, arranged the same basic w…
- [Alcohols, Acids, Esters — study notes](https://distinction.study/alcohols-carboxylic-acids-and-esters-study-notes.md)
- [Acids, Bases & pH — study notes](https://distinction.study/acids-and-bases-study-notes.md)
- [Purification & Purity — study notes](https://distinction.study/1-2-methods-of-purification-and-analysis-study-notes.md)
- [The Apparatus Train — study notes](https://distinction.study/1-1-experimental-design-study-notes.md)
- [Turning Effects Of Forces — study notes](https://distinction.study/turning-effects-of-forces-study-notes.md) - Moment = Force × distance · Principle of moments · Low + wide = stable
- [Thermal Properties Of Matter — study notes](https://distinction.study/thermal-properties-of-matter-study-notes.md) - Flat plateau = changing state · Q = mcΔT for temperature change · Q = mL for change of state
- [Thermal Processes — study notes](https://distinction.study/thermal-processes-study-notes.md) - Free electrons in metals · Convection = density current · Matt black = best radiator
- [Static Electricity — study notes](https://distinction.study/static-electricity-study-notes.md) - Like repels, unlike attracts · Only electrons ever move · Field lines: away from +, into −
- [Radioactivity — study notes](https://distinction.study/radioactivity-study-notes.md) - Penetrating power order · Half-life: N = N₀(1/2)ⁿ · Nuclear equations must balance
- [Practical Electricity — study notes](https://distinction.study/practical-electricity-study-notes.md) - P = V × I · Fuse melts on live wire · Brown-Blue-Green/Yellow wiring
- [Pressure — study notes](https://distinction.study/pressure-study-notes.md) - Pressure = Force ÷ Area · Liquid pressure rises with depth · Hydraulic press multiplies force
- [Magnetism — study notes](https://distinction.study/magnetism-study-notes.md) - Like poles repel, unlike attract · Field lines: N to S, never cross · Soft iron temporary, steel permanent
- [Measurement — study notes](https://distinction.study/measurement-study-notes.md) - Quantity = number + unit · Zero-error correction rule · Vernier 0.1 mm, micrometer 0.01 mm
- [Kinetic Particle Model Of Matter — study notes](https://distinction.study/kinetic-particle-model-of-matter-study-notes.md) - States differ by spacing & forces · Brownian motion proves molecules move · Temperature = average kinetic energy
- [Light — study notes](https://distinction.study/light-study-notes.md) - Law of reflection: i = r · Snell's Law bends light · Critical angle triggers TIR
- [General Properties Of Waves — study notes](https://distinction.study/general-properties-of-waves-study-notes.md) - Wave speed formula · Transverse vs longitudinal · Echo distance formula
- [Kinematics — study notes](https://distinction.study/kinematics-study-notes.md) - V-T graph gradient = acceleration · Area under V-T graph = displacement · Free fall: g ≈ 10 m/s²
- [Energy — study notes](https://distinction.study/energy-study-notes.md) - GPE = mgh · KE = ½mv² · Energy is conserved
- [Electromagnetic Spectrum — study notes](https://distinction.study/electromagnetic-spectrum-study-notes.md) - All EM waves: same speed, transverse · Radio to Gamma, low to high frequency · Higher frequency, more danger
- [Electromagnetism — study notes](https://distinction.study/electromagnetism-study-notes.md) - Fleming's left-hand rule · Force formula F = BIL · Commutator swaps at zero-force
- [Dynamics — study notes](https://distinction.study/dynamics-study-notes.md) - Weight = mass x g · Resultant force = mass x acceleration · Terminal velocity = forces balance
- [Electromagnetic Induction — study notes](https://distinction.study/electromagnetic-induction-study-notes.md) - Lenz's Law opposes change · Rate of change of flux · Turns-ratio & high-voltage grid
- [D C Circuits — study notes](https://distinction.study/d-c-circuits-study-notes.md) - Series: same current · Parallel: same voltage · Potential divider formula
- [Current Of Electricity — study notes](https://distinction.study/current-of-electricity-study-notes.md) - Q = I × t · R = V ÷ I (definition) · Diode conducts one way only
- [Probability — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-probability-study-notes.md)
- [Data Handling and Analysis — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-data-handling-and-analysis-study-notes.md)
- [Matrices — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-matrices-study-notes.md)
- [Set Language and Notation — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-set-language-and-notation-study-notes.md)
- [Equations and Inequalities — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-equations-and-inequalities-study-notes.md)
- [Functions and Graphs — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-functions-and-graphs-study-notes.md)
- [Algebraic Expressions and Formulae — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-algebraic-expressions-and-formulae-study-notes.md)
- [Rate and Speed — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-rate-and-speed-study-notes.md)
- [Percentage — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-percentage-study-notes.md)
- [Proofs in Plane Geometry — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-proofs-in-plane-geometry-study-notes.md)
- [Coordinate Geometry in Two Dimensions — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-coordinate-geometry-study-notes.md)
- [Ratio and Proportion — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-ratio-and-proportion-study-notes.md)
- [Trigonometric Functions, Identities and Equations — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-trigonometric-functions-study-notes.md)
- [Numbers and Their Operations — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-numbers-and-their-operations-study-notes.md)
- [Differentiation and Integration — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-differentiation-and-integration-study-notes.md) - 🎧 Listen to this topic Differentiation and Integration Look at a car's speedometer. At any instant it shows one number — how fast the car is going right now, not its average speed for the whole trip. Differentiation is the maths tool that finds that "right now" number for any curve: the rate at wh…
- [Vectors in Two Dimensions — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-vectors-in-two-dimensions-study-notes.md)
- [Exponential and Logarithmic Functions — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-exponential-and-logarithmic-functions-study-notes.md)
- [Coordinate Geometry — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-coordinate-geometry-study-notes.md)
- [Mensuration — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-mensuration-study-notes.md)
- [Binomial Expansions — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-binomial-expansions-study-notes.md)
- [Polynomials and Partial Fractions — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-polynomials-and-partial-fractions-study-notes.md)
- [Pythagoras' Theorem and Trigonometry — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-pythagoras-theorem-and-trigonometry-study-notes.md) - 🎧 Listen to this topic Pythagoras' Theorem and Trigonometry A ladder leaning against a wall, a zip line strung between two towers, a plane climbing away from a runway — every one of these hides a triangle, and once you know how to measure a triangle you can answer real questions about all of them:…
- [Surds — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-surds-study-notes.md)
- [Properties of Circles — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-properties-of-circles-study-notes.md)
- [Equations and Inequalities — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-equations-and-inequalities-study-notes.md)
- [Congruence and Similarity — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-congruence-and-similarity-study-notes.md)
- [Quadratic Functions — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/a-maths-quadratic-functions-study-notes.md)
- [Angles, Triangles and Polygons — Study Notes](https://distinction.study/e-maths-angles-triangles-and-polygons-study-notes.md)

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